2026 WAEC
Monday 1st June 2026
IRS
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*WAEC IRS ANSWERS*
NUMBER 1
1(a)(i)
The devotion is Hajj (الحج).
1(a)(ii)
Hajj (الحج) is the pilgrimage to Makkah performed by a Muslim at least once in a lifetime, provided he is physically and financially capable, by observing prescribed rites during the stipulated period.
1(b)(i)
The first compulsory act of worship is Ihram (الإحرام).
Ihram is the sacred state entered into before commencing Hajj. The pilgrim takes a bath, wears the prescribed garments, makes intention (Niyyah) and recites the Talbiyah:
لَبَّيْكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيْكَ، لَبَّيْكَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ لَبَّيْكَ، إِنَّ الْحَمْدَ وَالنِّعْمَةَ لَكَ وَالْمُلْكَ، لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ
1(b)(ii)
Three next compulsory acts are:
1. Wuquf bi 'Arafah (الوقوف بعرفة) – Standing at Arafat and engaging in prayers and supplications.
2. Tawaf al-Ifadah (طواف الإفاضة) – Circling the Ka'abah seven times.
3. Sa'y (السعي) – Walking seven times between Safa and Marwah.
1(c) Five lessons of Hajj
1. Obedience to Allah.
2. Unity and brotherhood among Muslims.
3. Equality of mankind before Allah.
4. Patience and perseverance.
5. Repentance and spiritual purification.
*NUMBER TWO*
(2ai)
Year of birth: Imām Bukhārī was born in 194 A.H., corresponding to 810 C.E.
(2aii)
Place of birth: He was born in Bukhara, a famous city in Central Asia.
(2aiii)
Full name: His full name was Abū ʿAbdullāh Muhammad ibn Ismāʿīl al-Bukhārī.
(2iv)
Year of death: He died in 256 A.H., corresponding to 870 C.E.
(2v)
Title of his collection: The title of his Hadith collection is Al-Jāmiʿ al-Ṣaḥīḥ, popularly known as Sahih al-Bukhārī.
(2vi)
One of his teachers: One of his famous teachers was Ishāq ibn Rāhawayh.
(2vii)
One of the places he visited to learn: One of the places he visited in search of knowledge was Makkah. He also travelled to Madinah, Baghdad, Egypt, Syria and other centres of learning.
(2b)
(i) Imām Bukhārī accepted only Hadiths narrated by trustworthy and upright persons who were known for their honesty, good character and religious commitment.
(ii) He ensured that every narrator possessed a strong memory and was able to transmit the Hadith accurately without mistakes or alterations.
(iii) He carefully verified that each narrator had personally met the person from whom he reported the Hadith, thereby ensuring an unbroken chain of transmission.
(iv) He thoroughly investigated the background and reliability of narrators and rejected any Hadith reported by weak, doubtful or unreliable transmitters.
(v) He compared different narrations of the same Hadith and accepted only those that were free from contradictions, defects and irregularities.
(vi) He applied the strictest conditions in selecting Hadiths, examining both the chain of narrators and the text of the Hadith before including it in his collection, which made Sahih al-Bukhārī the most authentic Hadith book after the Holy Qur'an.
ANOTHER VERSION OF NUMBER 2
(2a)
(i) Year of birth: 194 AH (810 CE).
(ii) Place of birth: Bukhara (in modern-day Uzbekistan).
(iii) Full name: Muḥammad ibn Ismā‘īl al-Bukhārī.
(iv) Year of death: 256 AH (870 CE).
(v) Title of his collection: Sahih al-Bukhari (originally Al-Jami' al-Musnad al-Sahih al-Mukhtasar min Umur Rasul Allah wa Sunanihi wa Ayyamihi).
(vi) One of his teachers: Imām Ahmad ibn Hanbal (others include Ishaq ibn Rahwayh and Ali ibn al-Madini).
(vii) One of the places he visited to learn: He traveled extensively across the Islamic world, including Mecca, Medina, Egypt, Syria, and Baghdad.
(2b)
(i)Strict Continuity (Ittisal): He ensured an unbroken chain of narrators reaching back directly to the Prophet (S.A.W.).
(ii)Narrator Integrity ('Adalah): Every narrator in the chain had to be a person of exemplary character and piety.
(iii)Accuracy and Memory (Dabt): Narrators were required to have a precise and proven memory to ensure the text remained unchanged.
(iv)Proof of Meeting (Liqa'): Unlike some other scholars, Bukhari required proof that two successive narrators in a chain had actually met in person.
(v)Lack of Flaws ('Illah): The Hadith had to be free from any subtle hidden defects in the chain or the text.
(vi)Spiritual Verification: It is recorded that he performed Ghusl and prayed two units of Istikhara prayer before adding any Hadith to his final collection.
IRS
(3a)
(i) Aws
(ii) Khazraj
(3b)
(i) Establishment of the Constitution of Madīnah: He drafted a constitution that guided the relationship between Muslims, Jews, and other groups. It ensured peace, justice, and cooperation among the people.
(ii) Maintenance of law and order: He ensured that peace prevailed in the society by settling disputes and preventing conflicts. This created stability in Madīnah.
(iii) Collection and distribution of Zakat: He organized the collection of Zakat from the wealthy. The funds were distributed to the poor and needy to reduce inequality.
(iv) Appointment of officials: He appointed governors, judges, and other officers to assist in administration. This helped in effective governance of the growing Muslim community.
(v) Defense and security of the state: He organized the Muslim army and planned defense strategies. This protected Madīnah from external attacks.
(3c)
(i) Persecution in Makkah: Muslims were severely oppressed by the Quraysh. This made it difficult for them to practice their religion freely.
(ii) Invitation from the people of Yathrib: The people of Yathrib invited the Prophet to come and lead them. They pledged support through the Pledges of Aqabah.
(iii) Need for a safe place to practice Islam: Muslims needed an environment where they could worship without fear. Yathrib offered safety and acceptance.
(iv) Divine instruction from Allah: The Prophet migrated following Allah’s command. This made the Hijrah a significant event in Islamic history.
Question 4
A-
Based on Surah al-Baqarah (Q.2:42), Islam emphasizes truthfulness by strictly prohibiting the mixing of truth with falsehood. Believers are commanded not to distort or cloak the truth with lies, nor should they deliberately conceal or hide the truth when they know it. It demands absolute honesty, clarity, and transparency in all speech and actions, warning that deliberate deception is a grave spiritual offense.
B-
Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) demonstrated unwavering honesty in his trading and business transactions before his prophethood, which earned him the utmost respect of Khadijah and the people of Makkah.
He consistently returned all items kept in his custody safely to their rightful owners, maintaining his integrity even when his life was threatened by his persecutors during the migration (Hijrah) to Madinah.
He delivered the message of Islam exactly as revealed to him by Allah, without adding, omitting, or altering a single word to please the Quraysh or secure worldly power.
He stood firmly by his promises, treaties, and agreements, such as the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, ensuring that he and his followers never resorted to betrayal or breach of contract.
C-
Widespread mistrust, suspicion, and fear among citizens, which completely shatters the foundation of peaceful social interactions and unity.
Regular occurrences of conflict, social injustice, and the breakdown of law and order due to false testimonies, corruption, and deceit.
Severe loss of blessings from Allah, leading to spiritual degeneration and attracting divine anger and punishment upon the entire community.
Question 5
A-
Ayat al-Kursi (The Verse of the Throne).
B-
"Allāhu lā 'ilāha 'illā Huwa al-Ḥayyu al-Qayyūm; lā ta'khudhuhu sinatun wa lā nawm; lahu mā fis-samāwāti wa mā fil-'arḍ; man dhā-alladhī yashfa'u 'indahu 'illā bi-'idhnih; ya'lamu mā bayna 'aydīhim wa mā khalfahum, wa lā yuḥīṭūna bi-shay'in min 'ilmihi 'illā bimā shā'; wasi'a kursiyyuhu as-samāwāti wal-'arḍ, wa lā ya'ūduhu ḥifẓuhumā, wa Huwa al-'Aliyyu al-'Aẓīm."
C-
Al-Hayyu: The Ever-Living. It means Allah is eternally alive, having no beginning and no end, and is the source of all life.
Al-Qayyum: The Self-Sustaining / The Sustainer of all existence. It means He depends on nothing to exist, while everything in creation completely depends on Him for survival.
Al-Aliyyu: The Most High / The Exalted. It denotes His supreme status, transcendence, and absolute loftiness above all creation and defects.
Al-Azim: The Most Great / The Supreme. It signifies His absolute grandeur, infinite power, and unmatched majesty that commands the awe of all creation.
D-
Complete affirmation of Tawhid (the absolute oneness of God), declaring that none possesses the right to be worshipped except Allah alone.
Allah is completely free from all human frailties, limitations, and weaknesses, as He is never overcome by drowsiness, slumber, or sleep.
Allah possesses absolute and total ownership over everything that exists within the heavens and across the earth.
No creation can intercede, mediate, or plead on behalf of anyone before Allah on the Day of Judgment without His explicit permission and approval.
Question 6
A-
It is Hadith number 34 (Hadith Al-Arba'in) in the famous Forty Hadith collection of Imam an-Nawawi.
B-
"Whoever amongst you sees an evil, let him change it with his hand; and if he is not able to do so, then with his tongue; and if he is not able to do so, then with his heart—and that is the weakest of faith."
C-
Eradicating societal vices and commanding good while forbidding evil (Al-Amr bil-Ma'ruf wan-Nahy 'anil-Munkar) is a fundamental collective obligation for all Muslims.
The Hadith outlines a practical, step-by-step hierarchy of action based on an individual's capacity, authority, and circumstances, ensuring that efforts to stop evil do not cause greater harm.
Correcting evil with the hand represents physical action and law enforcement, which is primarily the responsibility of those in authority, such as leaders, parents, and rulers.
Correcting evil with the tongue involves speaking out against injustice, offering constructive advice, preaching, and writing to raise awareness when physical intervention is not possible.
Hating evil in one's heart is the absolute minimum requirement of faith, which applies to everyone when they lack the safety or capacity to speak or act, showing that a believer must never grow indifferent or comfortable around wrongdoing.
ANOTHER VERSION OF IRS/ARABIC VERSION
WAEC ISLAMIC STUDIES SOLUTION
1(a)(i)
The devotion is Hajj (الحج).
1(a)(ii)
Hajj (الحج) is the pilgrimage to Makkah performed by a Muslim at least once in a lifetime, provided he is physically and financially capable, by observing prescribed rites during the stipulated period.
1(b)(i)
The first compulsory act of worship is Ihram (الإحرام).
Ihram is the sacred state entered into before commencing Hajj. The pilgrim takes a bath, wears the prescribed garments, makes intention (Niyyah) and recites the Talbiyah:
لَبَّيْكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيْكَ، لَبَّيْكَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ لَبَّيْكَ، إِنَّ الْحَمْدَ وَالنِّعْمَةَ لَكَ وَالْمُلْكَ، لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ
1(b)(ii)
Three next compulsory acts are:
1. Wuquf bi 'Arafah (الوقوف بعرفة) – Standing at Arafat and engaging in prayers and supplications.
2. Tawaf al-Ifadah (طواف الإفاضة) – Circling the Ka'abah seven times.
3. Sa'y (السعي) – Walking seven times between Safa and Marwah.
1(c) Five lessons of Hajj
1. Obedience to Allah.
2. Unity and brotherhood among Muslims.
3. Equality of mankind before Allah.
4. Patience and perseverance.
5. Repentance and spiritual purification.
---
2(a) IMAM AL-BUKHARI
(i) Year of Birth
194 AH / 810 CE
(ii) Place of Birth
Bukhara (present-day Uzbekistan)
(iii) Full Name
Abu Abdillah Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Bukhari (أبو عبد الله محمد بن إسماعيل البخاري)
(iv) Year of Death
256 AH / 870 CE
(v) Title of His Collection
Sahih al-Bukhari (صحيح البخاري)
(vi) One of His Teachers
Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal
(vii) One Place He Visited to Learn
Makkah (مكة)
2(b) Six Reasons Why Sahih al-Bukhari is Regarded as the Most Authentic
1. Strict conditions for accepting Hadith.
2. Narrators were trustworthy and reliable.
3. Complete chain of narrators (Isnad).
4. Thorough investigation of narrators.
5. Narrators must have met one another.
6. Careful examination of the text (Matn).
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3(a)
The two tribes that welcomed Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) to Yathrib were:
1. Aws (الأوس)
2. Khazraj (الخزرج)
3(b) Five Administrative Roles of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) in Madinah
1. Established the Constitution of Madinah.
2. Maintained law and order.
3. Collected and distributed Zakah.
4. Appointed governors and officials.
5. Settled disputes among people.
3(c) Four Factors That Led to the Migration (Hijrah) to Yathrib
1. Persecution of Muslims in Makkah.
2. Invitation from the people of Yathrib.
3. The First and Second Pledges of Aqabah.
4. Allah's command to migrate.
---
4(a)
Truthfulness means speaking the truth, fulfilling promises, being honest in actions and avoiding falsehood, deception and hypocrisy as emphasized in Qur'an 2:42.
4(b) Four Ways Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) Demonstrated Truthfulness
1. He was known as Al-Amin (الأمين) – The Trustworthy.
2. He always fulfilled his promises.
3. He delivered Allah's message faithfully.
4. He was honest in trade and business dealings.
4(c) Three Consequences of Not Upholding Truthfulness
1. Loss of trust and confidence.
2. Conflict and disunity in society.
3. Increase in corruption and injustice.
---
5(a)
The common name of Q.2:255 is:
Ayatul Kursiyy (آية الكرسي)
5(b) Complete Verse in Arabic
اللَّهُ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ ۚ لَا تَأْخُذُهُ سِنَةٌ وَلَا نَوْمٌ ۚ لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ ۗ مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يَشْفَعُ عِنْدَهُ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ ۚ يَعْلَمُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ ۖ وَلَا يُحِيطُونَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ عِلْمِهِ إِلَّا بِمَا شَاءَ ۚ وَسِعَ كُرْسِيُّهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ ۖ وَلَا يَئُودُهُ حِفْظُهُمَا ۚ وَهُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْعَظِيمُ
5(c) Four Attributes of Allah and Their Meanings
1. الحي (Al-Hayy) – The Ever-Living.
2. القيوم (Al-Qayyum) – The Self-Subsisting.
3. العلي (Al-'Aliyy) – The Most High.
4. العظيم (Al-'Azim) – The Most Great.
5(d) Four Teachings of Ayatul Kursiyy
1. Allah is One and has no partner.
2. Allah never sleeps nor slumbers.
3. Allah possesses all that is in the heavens and earth.
4. Allah's knowledge encompasses everything.
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6(a)
The Hadith occupies Hadith Number 34 in Imam an-Nawawi's Forty Hadith Collection.
6(b) Complete Translation
Arabic:
مَنْ رَأَى مِنْكُمْ مُنْكَرًا فَلْيُغَيِّرْهُ بِيَدِهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِلِسَانِهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِقَلْبِهِ، وَذَلِكَ أَضْعَفُ الْإِيمَانِ
Translation:
"Whoever among you sees an evil, let him change it with his hand; if he cannot, then with his tongue; if he cannot, then with his heart, and that is the weakest of faith."
6(c) Five Comments on the Hadith
1. Islam commands Muslims to oppose evil.
2. Those with authority should stop evil physically when appropriate.
3. Advice and preaching should be used where physical action is impossible.
4. Every believer must dislike evil in his heart.
5. Enjoining good and forbidding evil strengthens faith and society.
Arabic Terms to Remember for Extra Marks:
الحج — Hajj
الإحرام — Ihram
الطواف — Tawaf
السعي — Sa'y
عرفة — Arafat
الأمين — Al-Amin
آية الكرسي — Ayatul Kursiyy
الأوس — Aws
الخزرج — Khazraj
صحيح البخاري — Sahih al-Bukhari