2026 WAEC
Thursday 4th June 2026
GOVERNMENT
Exam Pluto
PIN: 491
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GOVERNMENT WAEC QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
OBJECTIVE
1-10-- A, C, D, B, D, A, B, B, A, B
11-20-- D, B, A, B, D, A, B, D, A, D
21-30-- B, B, A, A, C, B, A, A, A, C
31-40-- B, B, C, C, A, B, B, D, C, C
41-50-- B, D, A, B, D, A, A, D, D, C
GOVERNMENT WAEC THEORY POSTED BELOW 👇 👇 👇
NUMBER 1
*WAEC GOVERNMENT*
(1a)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Corruption among some judicial officers.
(ii) Inadequate funding of the judiciary.
(iii) Delay in the dispensation of justice.
(iv) Political interference in judicial matters.
(v) Shortage of qualified judges and legal personnel.
(vi) Poor working facilities and infrastructure in courts.
(1b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Judicial accountability: Judicial officers should be accountable for their actions and decisions. Institutions such as the Judicial Service Commission and the National Judicial Council should investigate complaints against judges and impose sanctions where necessary. This helps to prevent abuse of judicial powers and promotes public confidence in the judiciary.
(ii) Strict adherence to the Constitution: Judges must interpret and apply laws in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution. No judicial officer should act outside the powers granted by law. Respect for constitutional supremacy ensures that the judiciary remains within its lawful limits and protects the rights of citizens.
(iii) Separation of powers: The principle of separation of powers should be maintained so that the judiciary, legislature, and executive operate independently. This prevents any arm of government, including the judiciary, from becoming too powerful and helps to preserve checks and balances in the political system.
(iv) Provision for appeals and judicial review: The legal system should allow individuals to appeal against court decisions they consider unjust. Higher courts should be empowered to review and overturn erroneous judgments. This minimizes the possibility of arbitrary decisions by lower courts and promotes fairness in the administration of justice.
(v) Appointment of competent and ethical judges: Judges should be selected based on merit, professional competence, integrity, and experience rather than political considerations. Competent judges are more likely to deliver fair judgments and uphold the principles of justice and the Rule of Law.
(vi) Regular training and professional development: Judicial officers should undergo continuous training to keep them updated on new laws, legal developments, and ethical standards. Such training enhances their efficiency, objectivity, and commitment to justice.
(vii) Transparency in judicial proceedings: Court proceedings should be conducted openly and judgments should be made available to the public except in cases where confidentiality is required by law. Transparency discourages corruption, favoritism, and arbitrary use of judicial powers.
(viii) Effective enforcement of judicial ethics and discipline: A strong code of conduct should guide the behavior of judicial officers. Any judge found guilty of corruption, misconduct, bias, or abuse of office should face appropriate disciplinary measures. This promotes integrity within the judiciary and prevents judicial autocracy while strengthening the Rule of Law.
ANOTHER VERSION OF NUMBER 1
*WAEC GOVERNMENT*
*NUMBER TWO*
(2a)
pressure group is an organized body of people who share common interests and seek to influence government policies and decisions without contesting for political power or forming a government.
WHILE
Public opinion refers to the collective views, beliefs, attitudes, and judgments of the majority of people on political, social, and economic issues affecting society.
(2b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Influencing government policies: Pressure groups present the interests and demands of their members to the government. Through lobbying, petitions, and consultations, they influence policy formulation and implementation, thereby ensuring that government decisions reflect the needs of citizens.
(ii) Promoting political awareness: Pressure groups educate citizens on their rights, responsibilities, and important national issues. Through seminars, workshops, rallies, and media campaigns, they encourage political participation and strengthen democratic culture.
(iii) Protecting the interests of members: Pressure groups serve as defenders of the economic, social, and professional interests of their members. They negotiate with government authorities and other stakeholders to secure favorable conditions for those they represent.
(iv) Acting as a link between the government and the people: Pressure groups provide channels through which citizens can communicate their grievances, opinions, and demands to the government. This enhances interaction between leaders and the governed and promotes responsive governance.
(v) Serving as watchdogs of government activities: Pressure groups monitor the actions and policies of government officials and institutions. They expose corruption, abuse of power, and mismanagement, thereby promoting transparency, accountability, and good governance.
(vi) Promoting peaceful resolution of conflicts: Pressure groups often engage in dialogue, negotiation, and mediation to resolve disputes between citizens and the government. This helps to maintain political stability and strengthens democratic institutions in Nigeria.
GOVERNMENT
*NUMBER 3*
(3a)
(i) Free Elections: Elections conducted in an environment devoid of intimidation, fear, coercion, or violence, allowing eligible citizens to freely register, vote, or run for office.
(ii) Fair Elections: Elections where all political parties and candidates receive equal treatment, have equal access to resources/media, and the voting rules are applied uniformly by an unbiased electoral body.
(3b)
(i) Biometric Voter Verification: Enhance technology like the Bimodal Voter Accreditation System (BVAS) to completely eliminate multiple voting and identity theft.Real-time Results
(ii) Transmission: Ensure electronic transmission of results from polling units directly to a public viewing portal (e.g., IReV) to prevent manipulation during collation.
(iii) Strict Internal Auditing: Enforce rigorous background checks and continuous training for permanent and ad-hoc staff to curb internal complicity in electoral fraud.
(iv) Timely Prosecution: Partner with security agencies to swiftly arrest and prosecute electoral offenders, including vote buyers and ballot box snatchers.
NUMBER 4
NUMBER 5
GOVERNMENT *(SECTION B)*
*Number 6*
(i) The Alaafin (The Executive): The Oba served as the constitutional monarch, reflecting today's presidential executive structure tasked with administering the state.
(ii) Oyo Mesi (The Legislature/Kingmakers): This council of chiefs checked the King's power and made laws, mirroring the modern bicameral National Assembly.
(iii) The Ogboni Society (The Judiciary): Acted as a powerful judicial body mediating conflicts and checking the Oyo Mesi, similar to the Supreme Court.
(iv) The Keso (The Military): Led by the Are-Ona-Kakanfo to defend the empire, laying a foundational structure for the modern Armed Forces of Nigeria.
(v) Decentralized Local Chiefs (Baales): Governed smaller towns and villages, providing a structural blueprint for modern Local Government Areas (LGAs).
ANOTHER VERSION OF 6
GOVERNMENT
(6)
(i)The Oba (Monarchy): Acted as the executive head of the kingdom. This structure mirrors the modern-day executive branch, providing centralized leadership and a symbolic figurehead of unity.
(ii)The Oyomesi (Council of Chiefs): Served as a council of kingmakers and advisors, checking the powers of the Oba. This functions similarly to modern parliaments or senates by balancing executive authority.
(iii)The Ogboni Society (Judiciary/Mediators): Played a major role in settling disputes and checking the Oyomesi and Oba. This represents an independent judicial and regulatory body safeguarding constitutional balance.
(iv)The Esare/Balogun (Military/Defense): Organized the defense and security of the state. This is highly relevant to modern-day state security architectures, territorial defense, and law enforcement.
(v)Town and Village Assemblies (De-centralization): Local administration handled community affairs autonomously. This mirrors modern local government councils and grassroots governance, which bring administration closer to citizens.
NUMBER 7
ANOTHER VERSION OF 7
*WAEC GOVERNMENT*
*NUMBER SEVEN*
(7)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Introduction of federalism: The Lyttleton Constitution established a true federal system in Nigeria. Political powers were divided between the central government and the regional governments, thereby reducing excessive concentration of power at the centre.
(ii) Creation of a strong central government: The federal government was given authority over matters of national importance such as defence, external affairs, currency, customs, aviation, and telecommunications. These powers enabled it to maintain national unity and coordinate affairs affecting the entire country.
(iii) Granting of autonomy to the regions: The Northern, Western, and Eastern Regions were granted substantial self-government. Each region had authority over matters affecting its internal administration and development, allowing them to pursue policies suited to their needs.
(iv) Establishment of regional legislatures: Each region had its own House of Assembly with the power to make laws on regional matters such as education, agriculture, health, and local government administration. This strengthened regional participation in governance.
(v) Establishment of regional executives: Political power was further decentralized through the creation of regional executive councils headed by regional leaders. These councils were responsible for implementing policies and administering the affairs of their respective regions.
(vi) Division of legislative powers: Legislative powers were distributed into exclusive and concurrent lists. Matters on the exclusive list were handled solely by the federal government, while matters on the concurrent list could be legislated upon by both the federal and regional governments.
(vii) Representation of regions at the centre: The regions were represented in the federal legislature, allowing them to participate in national decision-making. This ensured that the interests of the various regions were reflected in federal policies and laws.
(viii) Creation of a federal judiciary: The constitution provided for a judicial system that operated at both federal and regional levels. This helped to resolve disputes between governments and ensured that constitutional provisions were interpreted and enforced properly.
(ix) Recognition of regional diversity: The constitution acknowledged the cultural, ethnic, and political differences among the regions by granting them considerable powers. This reduced fears of domination and encouraged cooperation within the federation.
(x) Reduction of central dominance: By allocating significant powers to the regions, the constitution prevented excessive concentration of authority in the federal government and promoted a balance of power within the Nigerian federation.
Number 8
Another version of 8
*WAEC GOVERNMENT*
*NUMBER EIGHT*
(8)
(PICK FIVE ONLY)
(i) Suspension of Democratic Institutions: Frequent military interventions led to the dissolution of elected governments, legislatures, and other democratic institutions. This disrupted constitutional governance and prevented the steady growth of democratic practices and traditions in Nigeria.
(ii) Violation of the Constitution: Military regimes often suspended or abolished parts of the constitution and ruled through decrees. This weakened the rule of law and undermined the supremacy of the constitution, which is a fundamental principle of democracy.
(iii) Suppression of Fundamental Human Rights: Military governments frequently restricted freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of association, and other civil liberties. Such actions discouraged political participation and weakened democratic culture among the citizens.
(iv) Weakening of Political Parties: Repeated military takeovers interrupted the activities of political parties and, in some cases, led to their dissolution. This prevented the development of strong and stable political organizations needed for effective democratic governance.
(v) Concentration of Power in the Executive: Military rulers concentrated legislative, executive, and sometimes judicial powers in their hands. This absence of separation of powers encouraged authoritarian rule and hindered the growth of democratic accountability.
(vi) Political Instability and Uncertainty: Frequent coups and counter-coups created an atmosphere of instability and insecurity. Such uncertainty discouraged long-term political planning and weakened public confidence in democratic governance.
(vii) Erosion of Democratic Values and Culture: Prolonged military rule promoted command structures, obedience, and authoritarian decision-making rather than consultation, tolerance, and compromise. As a result, democratic values necessary for sustainable democracy developed slowly.
(viii) Delay in Democratic Development and Civilian Rule: Military interventions prolonged authoritarian governance and postponed the transition to civilian administration. This delayed the establishment and consolidation of democratic institutions, electoral processes, and political accountability in Nigeria.
*(SECTION B)*
NUMBER 9
i. Preservation of Traditional Rulers: Association retained local institutions like chiefs to govern, whereas Assimilation sought to completely abolish traditional authority.
ii. Respect for Customary Law: Association allowed locals to be judged by native laws and customs, unlike Assimilation which forced French civil codes on everyone.
iii. Protection of Local Culture: Association respected indigenous languages, religions, and social structures instead of forcing Africans to adopt French culture.
iv. Decentralized Governance: It allowed communities to manage local affairs through indirect rule rather than direct rule from a centralized colonial capital.
v. No Qualification Restrictions: Local participation under Association was based on existing cultural status rather than requiring Africans to read, write, and think like Frenchmen.
GOVERNMENT
*NUMBER 10*
(i) Unification of Nationalist Fronts: The NYM was the first truly national movement to bridge ethnic gaps, bringing together elites from different regions to fight colonialism.
(ii) Ending the NNDP Monopoly: They successfully contested and won elections in Lagos, breaking the political monopoly of Herbert Macaulay’s NNDP and fostering vibrant political competition.
(iii) Fostering Political Consciousness: Through publications like the West African Pilot, they effectively educated citizens and mobilized mass public opposition against colonial rules.
(iv) Demanding Higher Representation: The NYM actively pressured the British administration for constitutional reforms, demanding greater representation for Nigerians in the Legislative Council.
(v) Training Future Independence Leaders: It served as an institutional training ground for foundational statesmen like Nnamdi Azikiwe and Obafemi Awolowo, who ultimately negotiated Nigeria's independence.