2026 WAEC
Wednesday 17th June 2026
Biology Practical
Exam Pluto
PIN: 4222
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*WAEC BIOLOGY PRACTICAL*
*NUMBER ONE*
(1a)
Fill the table;
Under; TEST
(i)Filter paper / light test
(ii)Biuret test (NaOH + CuSO₄)
(iii)Filter paper / light test
Under; OBSERVATION
(i)No blue-black coloration; remains brown/yellow
(ii)Purple/violet coloration appears
(iii)Translucent/greasy spot visible on filter paper
Under; INFERENCE
(i)Starch is absent
(ii)Protein is present
(iii)Fat/oil is present
(1b)
(i)It is rich in protein needed for growth and tissue repair
(ii)It contains fats/oils which provide energy for metabolic activities
(iii)It is a good source of minerals (e.g. calcium, phosphorus) for bone development
(iv)It contains vitamins essential for healthy development
(v)It provides energy needed for the child's physical activities
(1ci)
Legume/Pod (a dry dehiscent fruit)
(1cii)
It develops from a single carpel and splits along two sides (sutures) when ripe to release seed.
(1d)
*WAEC BIOLOGY PRACTICAL*
*NUMBER TWO*
(2ai)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Ingestion of food
(ii) Digestion of food
(iii) Absorption of digested food
(iv) Peristalsis (movement of food)
(2aii)
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Digestion - Stomach
(ii) Peristalsis - Oesophagus
(iii) Absorption - Small intestine
(2b)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Muscular walls for churning and movement of food.
(ii) Expandable/stretchable wall to accommodate food.
(iii) Presence of glands for secretion of digestive juices.
(iv) Long tubular structure for easy passage of food.
(2c)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Pepsin
(ii) Rennin
(iii) Lipase
(2d)
(2ei)
Parasitism
(2eii)
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) The parasite derives food from the host plant.
(ii) The parasite obtains water and mineral salts from the host plant.
(iii) The host plant is harmed while the parasite benefits.
(iv) The parasite depends on the host for survival.
(v) The growth and development of the host plant are reduced.
(2eiii)
Presence of haustoria (sucking roots) which penetrate the host plant and absorb water and nutrients.
(2eiv)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Stunted growth of the host plant.
(ii) Reduced yield/productivity.
(iii) Weakening of the branch.
(iv) Drying or death of affected branche
(2ev)
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Dodder
(ii) Witchweed
(iii) Mistletoe
(3a)
Fill the table;
Under: MATERIAL
(i)Refrigerator
(ii)Salt
(iii)Fire
(iv)Empty tin
(v)Sunlight
Under; SPECIMEN PRESERVED
(i)J (Fresh fish) / M (Fresh tomato)
(ii)J (Fresh fish)
(iii)J (Fresh fish)
(iv)H (Evaporated milk) / L (Tomato paste)
(v)K (Dry maize grain)
Sun-drying
METHODS OF PRESERVATION
(i)Refrigeration/chilling
(ii)Salting
(iii)Smoking/drying
(iv)Canning
(v)Sun-drying
Under; One reason
(i)Low temperature inhibits microbial growth
(ii)Salt withdraws moisture, preventing microbial activity
(iii)Heat destroys microorganisms and removes moisture
(iv)Prevents entry of air and microorganisms
(v)Removes moisture, inhibiting microbial growth
(3b)
(i)Fungi (e.g. Rhizopus)
(ii)Bacteria (e.g. Erwinia)
(3c)
(i)Weevils (Sitophilus zeamais)
(ii)Grain borers (Prostephanus truncatus
(3d)
Fill the table
Under; SPECIMEN
P = Thermometer
Q = Metre rule
R = Quadrat
Under; ECOLOGICAL FACTOR IT IS USED FOR
(i)Temperature
(ii)Measuring distance/length
(iii)Population density/distribution
Under; HABITAT WHERE SPECIMEN IS USED
(i)Aquatic/terrestrial habitats
(ii)Terrestrial/aquatic habitats
(iii)Grassland/terrestrial habitats
(3e)
A quadrat (square frame, usually 1m²) is placed randomly on the ground in the study area. All organisms within the quadrat are counted and recorded. This is repeated at several locations. The data collected is used to estimate population size, frequency, and distribution of organisms in the habitat. Results from multiple quadrats are averaged to represent the entire study area.